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Leste da RDC: Líderes da África Austral reúnem-se para uma cimeira extraordinária

  • AFP
Membros do grupo armado M23 chegam numa carrinha ao local onde os residentes se reúnem para um protesto contra o governo congolês, manifestando apoio ao grupo armado M23, em Goma, a 31 de janeiro de 2025.
Membros do grupo armado M23 chegam numa carrinha ao local onde os residentes se reúnem para um protesto contra o governo congolês, manifestando apoio ao grupo armado M23, em Goma, a 31 de janeiro de 2025.

O Presidente do Ruanda, Paul Kagame, afirmou na quinta-feira que a SAMIDRC “não é uma força de manutenção da paz” e que “não tem lugar nesta situação”.

Uma cimeira extraordinária dos líderes da Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC) deverá ter início na tarde de sexta-feira, 31, em Harare, no Zimbabué, centrando-se na situação no leste da República Democrática do Congo, na sequência da ofensiva relâmpago do M23, apoiado pelo Ruanda.

A reunião deverá ter início por volta das 14h30 locais (12h30 GMT), de acordo com o programa.

Vários chefes de Estado fizeram a viagem, incluindo o Presidente sul-africano Cyril Ramaphosa, anunciado por Pretória à AFP juntamente com os seus ministros da Defesa e dos Negócios Estrangeiros, mas não o Presidente congolês Etienne Tshisekedi, que deverá participar por videoconferência a partir de Kinshasa.

A cimeira da organização regional “irá explorar formas de reforçar os esforços regionais de apoio à RDC, a fim de alcançar uma paz e uma segurança duradouras”, segundo um comunicado do gabinete do Presidente do Botswana, Duma Boko, que também está presente.

Em fotos: Conflito na República Democrática do Congo

Armed men drive through a street in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jan. 28, 2025. Gunshots rang out through parts of the besieged city of Goma as Congolese soldiers clashed with militia fighters backed by Rwandan troops.
1/20 Armed men drive through a street in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jan. 28, 2025. Gunshots rang out through parts of the besieged city of Goma as Congolese soldiers clashed with militia fighters backed by Rwandan troops.
Congolese refugees fleeing ongoing clashes in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo arrive at the Rugerero transit camp in Gisenyi, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025. An estimated 1,200 Congolese refugees have been officially received by Rwanda, an official told AFP as armed forces entered the city of Goma just across the border.
2/20 Congolese refugees fleeing ongoing clashes in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo arrive at the Rugerero transit camp in Gisenyi, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025. An estimated 1,200 Congolese refugees have been officially received by Rwanda, an official told AFP as armed forces entered the city of Goma just across the border.
People attack the Rwanda Embassy in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 28, 2025, in protest over the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels' advances into the eastern capital Goma.
3/20 People attack the Rwanda Embassy in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 28, 2025, in protest over the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels' advances into the eastern capital Goma.
Protesters clash with riot police forces in front of the French Embassy in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jan. 28, 2025.
4/20 Protesters clash with riot police forces in front of the French Embassy in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jan. 28, 2025.
People protest in Kinshasa, Jan. 28, 2025, against the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels' advances into eastern Congo's capital Goma.
5/20 People protest in Kinshasa, Jan. 28, 2025, against the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels' advances into eastern Congo's capital Goma.
Residents look at the bodies of Congolese soldiers killed in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jan. 28, 2025. Intense fighting has left bodies in the streets and overwhelmed hospitals in the besieged city of Goma, the United Nations said, as protesters furious about international inaction attacked embassies in the country's capital.
6/20 Residents look at the bodies of Congolese soldiers killed in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jan. 28, 2025. Intense fighting has left bodies in the streets and overwhelmed hospitals in the besieged city of Goma, the United Nations said, as protesters furious about international inaction attacked embassies in the country's capital.
People protest in Kinshasa, Jan. 28, 2025, against the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels' advances into eastern Congo's capital Goma.
7/20 People protest in Kinshasa, Jan. 28, 2025, against the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels' advances into eastern Congo's capital Goma.
United Nations truck drivers and Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, undergo security screening at the border-post in Gisenyi, Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
8/20 United Nations truck drivers and Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, undergo security screening at the border-post in Gisenyi, Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
A Congolese woman carries her child fleeing from Goma, arrive at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
9/20 A Congolese woman carries her child fleeing from Goma, arrive at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, arrive at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
10/20 Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, arrive at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, wash their feet after arriving at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
11/20 Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, wash their feet after arriving at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, gather at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
12/20 Congolese civilians who fled from Goma, gather at a reception center in Rugerero near Gisenyi, in Rubavu district, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
Members of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC), who surrendered from Goma, gather at the Vision Jeunesse Nouvelle Cultural Centre in Gisenyi, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
13/20 Members of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC), who surrendered from Goma, gather at the Vision Jeunesse Nouvelle Cultural Centre in Gisenyi, Rwanda, Jan. 28, 2025.
A member of the M23 armed group walks alongside residents through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, on Jan. 27, 2025.
14/20 A member of the M23 armed group walks alongside residents through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, on Jan. 27, 2025.
Residents run off after observing members of the M23 armed group walking through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, Jan. 27, 2025. The besieged city of Goma was rocked by heavy artillery fire as France warned the regional capital was on the brink of falling to militia fighters and Rwandan troops. The M23 armed group and Rwandan soldiers entered Goma's centre on the night of Jan. 26, 2025 after weeks of advancing on the main city in the mineral-rich North Kivu province.
15/20 Residents run off after observing members of the M23 armed group walking through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, Jan. 27, 2025. The besieged city of Goma was rocked by heavy artillery fire as France warned the regional capital was on the brink of falling to militia fighters and Rwandan troops. The M23 armed group and Rwandan soldiers entered Goma's centre on the night of Jan. 26, 2025 after weeks of advancing on the main city in the mineral-rich North Kivu province.
People displaced by the fighting with M23 rebels make their way to the center of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 26, 2025.
16/20 People displaced by the fighting with M23 rebels make their way to the center of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 26, 2025.
Residents flee from Kibati, where fighting has intensified, towards the city of Goma, Jan. 26, 2025. The M23 armed group has seized further territory in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo and was continuing to tighten its grip on provincial capital Goma, which is almost surrounded by fighting.
17/20 Residents flee from Kibati, where fighting has intensified, towards the city of Goma, Jan. 26, 2025. The M23 armed group has seized further territory in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo and was continuing to tighten its grip on provincial capital Goma, which is almost surrounded by fighting.
A U.N. armored personnel carrier burns during clashes with M23 rebels outside Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 25, 2025.
18/20 A U.N. armored personnel carrier burns during clashes with M23 rebels outside Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 25, 2025.
U.N. armored personnel carriers deploy outside Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 25, 2025.
19/20 U.N. armored personnel carriers deploy outside Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jan. 25, 2025.
Soldiers of the Armed forces of the Democratic republic of Congo (FARDC) advance towards Sake, 25km north west of Goma, Jan. 23, 2025. The Congolese army is fighting to halt the advance of the M23 towards Goma, a city in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. 
20/20 Soldiers of the Armed forces of the Democratic republic of Congo (FARDC) advance towards Sake, 25km north west of Goma, Jan. 23, 2025. The Congolese army is fighting to halt the advance of the M23 towards Goma, a city in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. 
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A África do Sul perdeu treze dos seus soldados que participavam em missões da ONU ou da SADC no espaço de uma semana, quando o grupo armado M23 e as tropas ruandesas tomaram Goma, uma importante cidade no leste da República Democrática do Congo.

O Presidente da Tanzânia, Samia Suluhu Hassan, que dirige o grupo de defesa da SADC, chegou a Harare na madrugada de sexta-feira, anunciou o Governo zimbabueano, tal como o ministro angolano dos Negócios Estrangeiros, que chegou a Harare, segundo um comunicado de imprensa angolano, e que representará o Presidente angolano ausente, João Lourenço.

O chefe de Estado angolano, que foi nomeado mediador do conflito pela União Africana, voltou a instar na sexta-feira os dirigentes do Ruanda e da RDC a retomarem as negociações com vista a reunirem-se em Luanda “com carácter de urgência”.

No final de 2023, a SADC enviou uma força, SAMIDRC, para o leste do Congo para apoiar as forças congolesas contra o M23, incluindo 2.900 soldados sul-africanos, bem como soldados tanzanianos e malawianos, três dos quais perderam a vida esta semana.

O Presidente do Ruanda, Paul Kagame, afirmou na quinta-feira que a SAMIDRC “não é uma força de manutenção da paz” e que “não tem lugar nesta situação”. Avisou também a África do Sul de que não temia um “confronto” com o país sobre esta questão.

O Ruanda nunca admitiu o seu envolvimento militar no conflito, mas alega que a RDC está a apoiar e a albergar o grupo armado FDLR, criado por antigos líderes hutus que massacraram os tutsis durante o genocídio ruandês de 1994.

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